There have been many posts on this topic in the past. Click on the tagged “Meal Planning” at the top of this page to read more.
I typically use Better Homes and Gardens cookbook or Vicky Bentley’s Everyday Cooking cookbook. I also get recipes from food blogs and cooking shows on television. To save time and money, I buy meat in bulk on sale and cook it all up and freeze, ready to go in a recipe like a casserole, pasta, soup, etc. Once a week I soak and cook a pound of beans to use that week, typically in a big pot of soup. So soup is a good, healthy option for low-budget. You can buy many vegetables pre-cut frozen to save on time. For cutting up vegetables like celery and onions, you can cut up most of them ahead of time all at once to use that week.
Some leftovers can be used for a new dish. Spaghetti is made with sauce separately. Use leftover noodles to make a crust for spaghetti pie using egg and parmesan and top with the leftover sauce and then mozerella. Make a pot roast and save a pound of it back after cooked to cut up and use in beef and noodles recipe. Any kind of chili or thick soup can be used to make a chili pie with cornbread on the bottom. Leftever meatloaf sandwiches or use as the protein in a soup. I cook about 12 roasted chicken breasts in the oven at one time. We eat 4 at one meal and I turn the oven down to keep warm. After dinner, I de-bone and freeze in 2-cup servings to make lots of chicken recipes later. Chicken costs less than beef, pork, fish. Or you could roast a whole chicken or turkey and de-bone and freeze the extra meat ready to go in your poultry recipes.
My days and weeks go so much smoother when I have a plan for our meals. But I don’t always have one going because I have a hard time keeping up. It helps to have a full freezer and pantry though. I keep a master list of recipes of each type of food in a notebook, allowing one page per category: chicken, sweet potatoes/other potatoes, soups, beans, eggs, cheese, beef, ground turkey/beef, etc. I either look at the sale ad and plan around that or check what is in the freezers, refrigerator, and cupboards and plan around that.
But I also like to plan out the meals and then see what ingredients I need and make a shopping list based on that. I can plan certain categories per day each week of the month if I do this. I pull out an old, unmarked calendar and start writing meals on it for 28 days of food. I might do eggs on Mondays, fish on Tuesdays, chicken Wed. and Fri, beans on Thursdays, etc. Then I can also plan which meals I need to be easier or from a crockpot and can plan to use the leftovers accordingly. Sometimes I wait 2 days to re-use the leftover so we aren’t tired of it by having it the next day. I can glance a day or two ahead and see if I need to pull something from the freezer or soak beans or cut up vegetables. I like to prep. food early – the night before or in the morning.
I don’t really cook breakfast food unless it is breakfast-for-lunch eggs and toast. We have cold cereal and fruit most days. But I like to make a baked oatmeal I prepare the night before in a 9 X 13 pan and it sets overnight in refrigerator to cook next morning in oven for 45 min. It takes me 20 minutes now to put one tegether, but took longer the first couple times I made it. I guess you can substitute a non-dairy milk:
http://www.onceuponachef.com/2014/03/amish-style-baked-oatmeal-with-apples-raisins-walnuts.html
http://www.annies-eats.com/2011/09/12/baked-oatmeal-with-fruit/
Also, love this soup:
http://minimalistbaker.com/5-ingredient-sweet-potato-black-bean-chili/