I don’t have a large family, but I can chime in on what works here, which is very similar to Tristan’s approach. I have four kids, ages 12, 10, 8, and 7. My two littler ones are not fluent readers yet. We also have animals to tend to which play a significant role in working through the day efficiently yet beautifully.
I tend to look at the day in chunks rather than in this-start-time to this-end-time.
Our first part of the day is devoted to waking, dressing, washing, tending the animals, breakfast, Bible, memory, and Latin for the older two girls.
Then we attend daily mass and use the time in the car to sing our hymns and folk songs.
Once home, we tend the animals, everyone grabs a snack, goes potty, and gathers for some table time, which includes math, SW/ULW, phonics, and italics. Here I simply rotate through the children … so say while I’m working on 10 min of phonics with one child, another is working on copywork, another is preparing dictation, and another may be reading her math lesson and getting started. For these lessons I have tried over the years to train them into more independence even for short spurts of time and keeping them all near at the table really helps get those more disciplined subjects done well and without a lot of dwaddle.
At this point my little boys are free to play while my older girls begin their assigned literature (they narrate in the afternoons). I tend the house, lunch, laundry, etc.
We have lunch, listen to our composer, clean up and then we gather for our family liturgy. Here we do picture, composer, poetry, Shakespeare, read alouds, history, geography, Spanish, nature, and catechism, taking breaks as needed for real life which is never factored into paper planning. 😉
Afternoons are free for handwork, outdoors, Irish Dance, art, free reading, resting, playing.
So I tend to think of early morning, mass, mid morning, lunch, liturgy, free afternoons.
Of course, this day-to-day involves little people so I try to be fluid and always close the math and dictation and copywork books before lunch whether or not we are “finished” for that day, move on to our time of liturgy, and simply keep moving ahead vs trying to complete each day’s worth in a day.
We also only school four days a week so I just check off what comes next vs trying to fit it all into four days, and if we trail into a new year with some things, that’s okay as long as there is peace and wonder and happiness in the home.