Hi Erika,
You are welcome and now I’ve taken a rather long time, I see, to respond to this question. My internet time comes in fits and spurts so I hope for your understanding.
Your question is an interesting one. There is a reason she called mathematics an “instrument of living teaching.” It is not formulaic but, rather, infused with life while the teacher is to cooperate with the One who is Life. So, I can’t just give a cut and dry answer, since we are dealing with a valuable person and lessons that should be infused with living ideas while also recognizing the Lord as the Great Educator.
There are a few practical thoughts that follow a bit of the same premise as if my child has given a poor narration or deal with habit training:
If this were my child, I might first wonder if my questions are engaging. How much more interesting a question such as “7 ducks swimming on a pond. Two fly away, how many remain?” than “7-2=?” ; or, “Six children playing on the playground. Four are girls, how many are boys?” than when posed as “4+2=6.” (see pp. 12-13 of the SCM math handbook).
I would also check my time. Is the math lesson too long? Is the lesson before arithmetic one that uses a different part of the brain?
How is my child’s attitude? Charlotte said a good way to exercise the will is to do something different then return to the task refreshed. Maybe put the lesson away, do something different and return. I have one child in particular that I’ve sent to the mailbox to check the mail and when he returned he was then attentive to his arithmetic lesson.
How is the atmosphere of the home? Is someone watching a video in the next room? Is there something quite interesting like heavy machinery outside the window (can you tell I’ve dealt with that one before 😉 ?
If my child simply wasn’t paying attention to an oral question, I would not repeat the same question but give him a different one. This way he knows that he must give his full attention. Because mathematics is so important to training good habits you need to be sure your child is expending his own mental effort without you “helping” along (believe me, I still have to keep myself from “helping” my son with his algebra).
There is also a big difference between a child getting an answer incorrect because he was inattentive or getting it incorrect because he lacks understanding. If he is not understanding, then go back a few steps or bring the manipulatives back out. Make sure the lessons are carefully graduated and the word problems are within his understanding.
All my best,
Richele